The first draft of the programme of work for the development of standards for orbital debris mitigation debris standards plan was released internally to iso tc20sc14 in october 2004, and included a preliminary analysis of the iadc guidelines to identify internationallyagreed measures that could be translated into measurable and verifi. Work at the center continues with developing an improved understanding of the orbital debris environment and. Preserve the space environment, in the area of orbital debris, for the continued safe. As the leading spacefaring nation, the united states is. A technical assessment national academy of sciences, 1995.
Space debris a law and economics analysis of the orbital commons alexander william salter 1. Dove 3 orbital debris assessment report odar once this document has been printed it will be considered an uncontrolled document. Introduction in this paper, i analyze the problems posed by space debris from the perspective of law and economics and of property rights economics. Micrometeoroid and orbital debris mmod risk overview. The center for space policy and strategy is dedicated to shaping the future by providing nonpartisan research and strategic analysis to decisionmakers. A self assessment is provided below in accordance with the assessment format provided in appendix a. There are currently hundreds of thousands of debris objects greater than one centimeter in diameter in earths orbit, and the collision of any one of these objects with an operational satellite. Pdf the orbital debris problem presents an opportunity for international cooperation. We particularly note that potential for damage from micrometeoroids and orbital debris has become recognized as a major issue in every program. The potential for orbital debris generated by accidental explosions is. Orbital debris released as part of normal operations is minimized. Effects of micrometeoroid and orbital debris mmod impacts even small mmod impacts can cause a lot of damage hypervelocity mmod impacts represent a substantial threat to spacecraft rule of thumb.
Legislation related to regulatory authority over orbital debris has a long history of being considered before the committee, as well as oversight activities related to the topic. Validation of the ballistic limit equation for monolithic. Mitigation of orbital debris in the new space age dear ms. The debris assessment software developed to assist nasa programs in performing orbital debris assessments as described in nasastd8719. Analysis of the 2007 chinese asat test and the impact of. If an ebook is available, youll see the option to purchase it on the book page. Report and order and further notice of proposed rulemaking, ib docket no. Space debris mitigation technologies mcgill university. The debris measured by the nasawise instrument, in addition to the debris assumed to exist based on the model for debris described in sec. Since 2004, when the commission first adopted rules regarding orbital debris mitigation for commissionauthorized satellites, there have been a number of developments in technologies and business. Orbital debris represents a growing threat to the operation of manmade systems in space. A tool for analyzing spacecraft micrometeoroid and. Micrometeoroid and orbital debris mmod shield ballistic limit analysis program technical report pdf available march 2010 with 1,568 reads how we measure reads.
Nasa software assesses risk to spacecraft posed by meteoroids and orbital debris. A 3 self assessment and osma assessment of the odar using the format in appendix a. Odpos roles and responsibilities are defined in nasa. N a assessment of spacecraft compliance with requirements 4. Federal communications commission fcc 18159 before the. The nasa orbital debris program office has taken the international lead in conducting measurements of the environment and in developing the technical consensus for adopting mitigation measures to protect users of the orbital environment. Odpo roles and responsibilities defined in npd8700. The commission amended parts 5, 25, and 97 of the commissions rules by adopting new rules concerning mitigation of orbital debris. This 1995 report updates the findings and recommendations of the 1989 report and reflects our progress in understandmg and managing the orbital debris environment.
Geo collisional risk assessment based on analysis of nasa. The report also takes a close look at the projected future growth in the debris population and. Nasa procedural requirements for limiting orbital debris. Chris l ostrom at hx5 nasa orbital debris program office. Handbook, technical report on space debris july 2002, the space debris mitigation guidelines of the scientific and technical subcommittee of the united nations committee on the peaceful uses of outer space, a ac. For a given space mission, drama allows analysis of. Debris shepherd niac phase i final report 1 december 2, 2002 space transport development using orbital debris final report on niac phase i research grant no. Understanding the orbital debris environment including debris size ranges, compositions, and distribution by orbital altitude, eccentricity, and inclination is necessary to assess the debris hazard to spacecraft in various orbits, to understand the future evolution of the debris population, and to enable wise decisions to be made on methods to reduce the future hazard. In this paper, the link between the models and the observed space debris environment shall be highlighted, ad.
Hypersonic airplane space tether orbital launch hastol. Orbital debris mitigation at nasa nasa was the first organization in the world to develop orbital debris mitigation policy and guidelines in the 1990s nasa management instruction nmi 1700. Given these factors, it is likely that the indian government was attempting to limit the potential for longlasting orbital debris. Ares orbital debris program office reference documents. Software sites tucows software library software capsules compilation shareware cdroms cdrom images zx spectrum doom level cd. Pdf in order to support mission designers in all sort of space debris related problems, a software. Proudly built by ai2 with the help of our collaborators using these sources. This addition quickly led to the conclusion that the risk to spacecraft and astronauts could be reduced by minimizing the growth of the orbital debris population.
Potential methods to protect spacecraft are explored. Assessment procedures for limiting orbital debris but different points are it. In the nal odar document, this assessment will re ect any inputs from. Nasa documents orbital debris mitigation requirements in nasa procedural requirements for limiting orbital debris5 and nasa process for limiting orbital debris. The meteoroid and space debris terrestrial environment reference master model as well as the debris risk assessment and mitigation analysis drama tool suite have become an essential part of those compliance assessments. Ion beam shepherd for contactless space debris removal. A space debris impact risk analysis tool sdirat was developed and implemented to assess the orbital debris impact risk on a specified target in earth orbit, in terms of flux, relative velocity. Page 3 of 20 selfassessment of the odar using the format in appendix a. April 2, 2020 fcc fact sheet mitigation of orbital debris. Research council committee on space debris, orbital debris. As the orbital debris environment deteriorates, the threat to spacecraft is becoming. It is recognized worldwide for its leadership in addressing orbital debris issues.
Space junk orbiting earth is a serious problem and only getting worse. Understanding the orbital debris environment including debris size ranges, compositions, and distribution by orbital altitude, eccentricity, and inclination is necessary to assess the debris hazard to spacecraft in various orbits, to understand the future evolution of the debris population, and to. On april 8, 2020, paul stoetzer, executive vice president of the radio amateur satellite corporation amsat and david siddall, washington counsel to the arrl, the national association of amateur radio arrl discussed by telephone the draft report and order in the. Drama debris risk assessment and mitigation analysis is a comprehensive tool for the compliance analysis of a space mission with space debris mitigation standards. Likewise, we are most pleased to report that nasa has clearly articulated. Government usg conducting a full range of research on orbital debris od this unique nasa capability was established at jsc in 1979 d. This second report and order was released by the commission on june 21, 2004. Process for limiting orbital debris home nasa technical. Download a pdf of orbital debris by the national research council for free.
Orbital debris assessment report odar flock 1 once this document has been printed it will be considered an uncontrolled document. This new electronic book platform, introduced in the spring of 2012, enables the seamless integration of text. The nasa orbital debris program office has taken the international lead in conducting measurements of the environment and in developing the technical consensus for adopting. Orbital debris generally refers to material that is on orbit as the result of space initiatives, but is no longer serving any function. In total, spd3 identifies the need for more than 40 different stmrelated standards, guidelines, and best practices. The software reflects the structure of the standard and provides the user with tools to assess compliance with the requirements. According to nick johnson, the national aeronautics and space administrations nasas chief scientist for orbital debris, the current orbital debris environment poses a real, albeit low level. The debris from the chinese test is concentrated at alti tudes near 850. Page 3 of 20 self assessment of the odar using the format in appendix a. Government orbital debris standard practices call for the selection of an orbit from which the spacecraft will remain in orbit no longer than 25 years after mission completion, if the planned disposal method is reentry into earths atmosphere through means of natural atmospheric drag, without. The united states government should seriously consider expanding its efforts to lead in developing international strategies to reduce debris generation and the hazards posed by existing debris. A technical assessment, committee on space debris, national research council, national academy academies press, washington d. Council orbital debris technical assessment study sponsored by the national aeronautics and space admimstration. Schildknecht astronomical institute, university of bern, switzerland b.
Committee for the assessment of nasas orbital debris programs. With an increase in orbital debris comes an increase in the cost of reducing the risk of debris impact. Standardized marine debris monitoring and assessment can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of policies to mitigate debris, such as recycling incentives or extended producer responsibility measures, and provide insight into priority targets for prevention and mitigation nrc 2008. An assessment of nasas meteoroid and orbital debris programs, the national academies press, washington, dc, pp.
Orbital traffic management study final report to nasa hq 21 november 2016 v selecting, employing, andor training space traffic safety ssa operators, certifying private spacecraft operators, and developing operational processes and procedures. A technical assessment adobe pdf 9,371kb this is a document published by u. The nasa orbital debris program office is located at the johnson space center and is the lead nasa center for orbital debris research. Evaluating micrometeoroid and orbital debris risk assessments using anomaly data michael squire1 1national aeronautics and space administration, nasa langley research center, 11 langley blvd, mail stop 116, hampton, virginia, usa, 23681, michael. As the commission considers future actions related to orbital debris, please avail yourselves to the committee and its staff. Federal register mitigation of orbital debris in the new. Krag space debris office, esaesoc, germany abstract. Aerospace safety advisory panel asap is pleased to submit the asap annual report for 20 to the u. Orbital debris removal using groundbased sensors and lasers tm 108522.
Part iv presents the technical and legal regimes that are currently being used to combat the problem of orbital debris. Kodi archive and support file vintage software apk community software msdos cdrom software cdrom software library. Conduct preliminary technical assessment identify highrisk areas develop mitigation plans task 5 technolo gy development plannin g identify technology needs develop technology development roadmap flight test plan laboratory tests hypersonic airplane space tether orbital launch hastol study program, phase ii phase i results. Using fragmentation data to evaluate the stability of the orbital debris environment, presented and the third european conference on space debris, march 2001. Pdf an ontological architecture for orbital debris data. Appel releases orbital debris ibook appel knowledge services. Guidance reserves have been allocated to account for 3sigma flight performance. Debris assessment software orbital debris program office. Orbital debris examines the methods we can use to characterize orbital debris, estimates the magnitude of the debris population, and assesses the hazard that this population poses to spacecraft. Introduction micrometeoroid and orbital debris mmod particles. Chairman federal communications commission 445 12th street. Ares hypervelocity impact technology reference documents. Debris and meteoroid impact flux levels at userdefined size regimes. Orbital debris can return to earth via controlled or planned.
To acquire an unbiased technical assessment of 1 the research needed to better understand the debris environment, 2 the necessity and means of protecting spacecraft against the debris environment, and 3 potential methods of reducing the future debris hazard, nasa asked the national research council to form an international committee to examine the orbital debris issue. Technical report on space debris adobe pdf 579 kb this is a report published by the scientific and technical subcommittee st. Guidelines and assessment procedures for limiting orbital debris, nasa safety standard 1740. Check out seven wild ideas to fix it, including air bursts, to giant nets, to pushing aside the debris with electrical currents. May 01, 2020 the april 2020 issue of orbital debris quarterly news is now available. Part iii catalogs some of the many technical, legal, political, and economic consequences of orbital debris. Provide technical and policy level support to nasa hq, ostp, other us. This issue includes the articles, three recent breakup events, the new nasa orbital debris engineering model 3.